Question 1

Which soil covers the largest area in India, approximately 40-45% of the total land area?

Accepted Answer

Alluvial soil. Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil type in India, covering about 40-45% of the total land area. It is primarily found in the Indo-Gangetic plains, extending from Punjab in the west to Assam in the east. This soil is extremely fertile and supports the cultivation of a wide variety of crops. It is formed by the deposition of sediments carried by rivers.

Question 2

What is the local name for Black soil in India?

Accepted Answer

Regur. Black soil is commonly known as Regur soil in India, a term derived from the Telugu word 'reguda'. It is also called Black Cotton Soil because it is ideal for cotton cultivation. This soil is found mainly on the Deccan Plateau. It is formed from the weathering of volcanic basalt rocks.

Question 3

Which type of alluvial soil is older and found at higher elevations away from river channels?

Accepted Answer

Bhangar. Bangar (also spelled Bhangar) is the older type of alluvial soil found at higher elevations, away from active flood plains. It is less fertile than Khadar because it is not replenished regularly by river floods. Bangar soil contains lime nodules called Kankar and is coarser in texture. It is found in the upland areas of the Indo-Gangetic plains.

Question 4

Which type of alluvial soil is newer and found in active flood plains, renewed annually by river floods?

Accepted Answer

Khadar. Khadar is the newer type of alluvial soil found in the active flood plains close to river channels. It is renewed annually during the flood season, which makes it more fertile than Bangar. Khadar soil is finer in texture and lighter in colour. It supports intensive cultivation of rice, wheat, sugarcane, and other crops.

Question 5

Which nutrient is alluvial soil generally deficient in?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen. Alluvial soil in India is generally deficient in nitrogen and humus. Despite being highly fertile for many crops, it lacks sufficient organic nitrogen content. Phosphorus content in alluvial soil is relatively adequate. Farmers need to apply nitrogenous fertilizers to maximize crop yields on alluvial soils.

Soil Types of India — Set 1