Question 1

Which of the following sites contains the earliest rock-cut caves in India, dating back to the Mauryan period?

Accepted Answer

Barabar Caves. The Barabar Caves in Bihar are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India. They were mostly excavated during the reign of Emperor Ashoka for the Ajivika sect. These caves feature a highly polished internal surface known as the Mauryan polish.

Question 2

The famous Great Stupa at Sanchi was originally commissioned by which Indian emperor?

Accepted Answer

Ashoka. Emperor Ashoka the Great commissioned the Great Stupa at Sanchi in the 3rd century BCE. It was intended to house the relics of Lord Buddha and spread Dhamma. The stone railings and gateways were added later by the Shunga and Satavahana dynasties.

Question 3

In which state are the Ajanta Caves, famous for their ancient Buddhist paintings and sculptures, located?

Accepted Answer

Maharashtra. The Ajanta Caves are situated in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. These caves were built in two phases, spanning from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE. They are a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for masterpieces of Buddhist religious art.

Question 4

What is the hemispherical dome-like structure of a Buddhist stupa called?

Accepted Answer

Anda. The 'Anda' represents the mound of the earth or the universe in Buddhist symbolism. It rests on a square base and is topped by a square railing. This architectural feature is central to the design of all traditional stupas.

Question 5

Which cave system is famous for the 'Vishvakarma Cave', which is a rare example of a multi-storied rock-cut monastery?

Accepted Answer

Ellora. The Vishvakarma Cave is Cave 10 at the Ellora complex and serves as a major Chaitya hall. It is popularly known as the 'Carpenter's Cave' because the stone was carved to look like wooden beams. Ellora is unique for housing Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain monuments together.

Caves & Stupas — Set 1