Question 1

The genetic material of most living organisms is composed of which molecule?

Accepted Answer

DNA. DNA serves as the primary hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It contains the instructions necessary for an organism to develop, live, and reproduce. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, where it is called nuclear DNA.

Question 2

Which of the following describes the 'Phenotype' of an organism?

Accepted Answer

The physical appearance. The phenotype refers to the observable physical properties of an organism. This includes the organism's appearance, development, and behavior. It is determined by both the genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Question 3

In a DNA molecule, Adenine always pairs with which nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

Thymine. Adenine and Thymine form two hydrogen bonds to stay paired in the DNA double helix. This specific pairing is part of Chargaff's rules of base pairing. In RNA, however, Adenine pairs with Uracil instead of Thymine.

Question 4

Which scientist is famously known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel established the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work with pea plants. He discovered that traits are passed down in discrete units which we now call genes. His findings laid the groundwork for the entire field of modern genetics.

Question 5

What is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome called?

Accepted Answer

Locus. A locus is the fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. The plural form of this term is known as loci. Knowing the locus is crucial for mapping the genome of any species.

Genetics — Set 1