Question 1

Which nutrient is known as the primary 'fuel' for the human brain and the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose. Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate and the preferred energy source for brain cells. The brain requires a continuous supply of glucose to maintain cognitive functions and alertness. It is derived primarily from the breakdown of dietary carbohydrates.

Question 2

What is the primary role of 'Roughage' or dietary fiber in our nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Assisting in bowel movement. Dietary fiber adds bulk to the food and helps it pass smoothly through the digestive system. It is found in plant-based foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber also helps in preventing constipation and maintaining gut health.

Question 3

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a protein required for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K. Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the blood coagulation cascade. Without this vitamin, even small injuries could lead to excessive bleeding. It is synthesized by bacteria in the human colon and found in leafy greens.

Question 4

Which mineral is a vital component of the thyroid hormone 'thyroxine'?

Accepted Answer

Iodine. Iodine is absorbed from the diet to produce hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. A deficiency in iodine can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as goitre. Iodized salt is the most common dietary source of this mineral.

Question 5

What is the primary function of 'Casein', which is found in abundance in milk?

Accepted Answer

Protein supplementation. Casein is a slow-digesting phosphoprotein that provides essential amino acids for growth and repair. It is what gives milk its characteristic white color. It is widely used in the food industry for its high nutritional value.

Nutrition Basics — Set 1