Question 1

Which pigment is primarily responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a is the essential pigment that initiates the light-dependent reactions. It absorbs energy from blue and red light waves efficiently. Other pigments act as accessory molecules to transfer energy to it.

Question 2

During the process of photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a byproduct of which event?

Accepted Answer

Splitting of water. The splitting of water molecules, known as photolysis, releases oxygen into the atmosphere. This reaction occurs within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. It provides the necessary electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll.

Question 3

In which part of the chloroplast do the dark reactions (Calvin cycle) take place?

Accepted Answer

Stroma. The stroma is the fluid-filled space where enzymes fix carbon into sugar. It contains the necessary rubisco enzyme for the Calvin cycle. This stage is independent of direct light but requires products from light reactions.

Question 4

Which gas is absorbed by plants from the atmosphere to perform photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide through small openings called stomata. This gas provides the carbon atoms needed to build organic glucose molecules. Increased levels of this gas can sometimes enhance the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 5

What is the primary sugar produced as a result of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose. Glucose is the simple carbohydrate formed during the final stages of the process. It serves as the primary energy source for the plant's growth and cellular activities. Excess glucose is generally converted into starch for long-term storage.

Photosynthesis — Set 1