Question 1

Which process is used for the large-scale manufacture of Ammonia?

Accepted Answer

Haber process. The Haber process synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. It requires a high pressure and an iron catalyst to function efficiently. This industrial method is fundamental for producing agricultural fertilizers.

Question 2

Which substance is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors?

Accepted Answer

Graphite. Graphite acts as a moderator to slow down fast-moving neutrons. Slowing neutrons is essential to maintain a controlled nuclear chain reaction. Heavy water is another substance commonly used for this purpose.

Question 3

In the manufacture of glass, which of the following is used as a flux to lower the melting point of silica?

Accepted Answer

Sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate, or soda ash, effectively reduces the melting temperature of sand. This makes the glass-making process more energy-efficient and manageable. It results in the production of common soda-lime glass.

Question 4

Which catalyst is used in the Contact process for the manufacture of Sulfuric acid?

Accepted Answer

Vanadium pentoxide. Vanadium pentoxide facilitates the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. This step is the most critical part of the Contact process. Sulfuric acid is often referred to as the 'King of Chemicals' in industry.

Question 5

Which gas is primarily used in the industrial manufacture of vegetable ghee from oils?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen. Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation process to convert liquid oils into solid fats. This reaction typically occurs in the presence of a nickel catalyst. It increases the shelf life and stability of the food product.

Industrial Chemistry — Set 1