Metals & Ores
Chemistry · धातुएं और अयस्क · 20 facts
Metals: lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors; form cations
Non-metals: dull, brittle, poor conductors; form anions
Reactivity: K>Na>Ca>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Pb>H>Cu>Hg>Ag>Au
Ore: mineral for profitable metal extraction
Iron: Haematite(Fe2O3), Magnetite(Fe3O4); blast furnace
Aluminium: Bauxite(Al2O3.2H2O); Hall-Heroult electrolysis
Copper: Chalcopyrite(CuFeS2); Malachite(CuCO3.Cu(OH)2)
Zinc: Zinc Blende(ZnS); Calamine(ZnCO3)
Gold+Platinum found free/native; least reactive
Thermite: Fe2O3+2Al->Al2O3+2Fe; railway track welding
Carbon allotropes: Diamond(hardest), Graphite(soft conductor), Fullerene(C60)
Mercury: only liquid metal; Tungsten: highest melting(3422C)
Na, K stored in kerosene (extremely reactive)
Tin: Cassiterite(SnO2); Lead: Galena(PbS); Silver: Argentite(Ag2S)
Mn: Pyrolusite(MnO2); dry cells, steel making
Cinnabar(HgS): mercury ore; Chromite(FeCr2O4): chromium
Anodizing: thick oxide on aluminium for corrosion resistance
Metallurgy: ore to metal; roasting, calcination, smelting
India: major ore states Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh
Allotropes: same element, different structure/properties