Major Industries
Geography · प्रमुख उद्योग
📋Quick Overview
India has a diverse industrial base. The Iron & Steel industry is called the 'backbone of modern industry'. TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company), established in 1907 at Jamshedpur by Jamsetji Tata, was India's first integrated steel plant. Cotton textiles was India's first modern industry. Bangalore is called the 'Silicon Valley of India' for IT. India is the 2nd largest textile exporter in the world.
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SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) operates major steel plants: Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Bokaro, Burnpur. Bhilai is the largest SAIL plant.
📖Iron & Steel Industry — SAIL Plants
| Steel Plant | Location | Collaboration | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|
| TISCO | Jamshedpur, Jharkhand | Private (Tata) | India's first steel plant (1907), on Subarnarekha & Kharkai rivers |
| Bhilai Steel Plant | Chhattisgarh | Russia (USSR) | Largest SAIL plant, produces rails for Indian Railways |
| Rourkela Steel Plant | Odisha | Germany | First public sector steel plant, first to have LD converter |
| Durgapur Steel Plant | West Bengal | UK (Britain) | Called 'Ruhr of India' |
| Bokaro Steel Plant | Jharkhand | Russia (USSR) | Largest in public sector by production capacity |
| Visvesvaraya (VISL) | Bhadravati, Karnataka | Indigenous | Named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya |
📖Major Industries & Their Centres
| Industry | Key Centres | Important Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Cotton Textiles | Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai | Mumbai = Manchester of India (or Cottonopolis), Ahmedabad = Boston of India, India's first modern industry, first cotton mill in Mumbai (1854) |
| IT Industry | Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Gurgaon, Noida | Bangalore = Silicon Valley of India, Hyderabad = Cyberabad, India is world's largest IT outsourcing destination |
| Sugar Industry | UP (#1), Maharashtra (#2), Karnataka | UP is largest sugar producer, Maharashtra has largest number of sugar mills, India is 2nd largest sugar producer globally (after Brazil) |
| Cement Industry | Rajasthan (#1), AP, TN, Karnataka, Gujarat | India is 2nd largest cement producer (after China) |
| Automobile | Chennai, Pune, Gurgaon, Manesar, Ahmedabad | Chennai = Detroit of India (major auto hub), India is 3rd largest auto market |
| Jute Industry | West Bengal (Kolkata, Hooghly) | India is largest jute producer, Kolkata = hub, called 'Golden Fibre' |
| Petrochemicals | Jamnagar (Gujarat), Mumbai, Haldia, Vizag | Reliance Jamnagar = world's largest oil refinery complex |
📝City Nicknames — Industrial
- •Mumbai = Manchester of India / Cottonopolis of India (cotton textiles)
- •Ahmedabad = Boston of India / Manchester of South India (textiles)
- •Bangalore = Silicon Valley of India (IT)
- •Chennai = Detroit of India (automobiles)
- •Jamshedpur = Steel City of India (TISCO)
- •Kanpur = Manchester of North India (textiles)
- •Coimbatore = Manchester of South India (textiles)