Question 1

Which molecular tool is commonly referred to as 'chemical scissors' in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Restriction Enzymes. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, acting like molecular scissors. They are essential for isolating specific genes during the cloning process. These enzymes were originally discovered in bacteria as a defense against viruses.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of a 'Bioreactor' in industrial biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

To provide optimal conditions for microbial growth. Bioreactors maintain controlled environments for the large-scale growth of microorganisms or cells. They regulate factors like temperature, pH, and oxygen to maximize product yield. Common products made in bioreactors include vaccines and organic acids.

Question 3

Which term describes the use of biological agents to clean up polluted soil and water?

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation. Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to break down or absorb environmental contaminants. It is an eco-friendly method for treating oil spills and heavy metal toxicity. This process relies on the natural metabolic pathways of the organisms involved.

Question 4

The process of 'Biofortification' in agriculture is primarily aimed at?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing the nutritional value of crops. Biofortification involves breeding crops to increase their content of essential vitamins and minerals. It helps combat 'hidden hunger' in populations dependent on staple foods. Golden Rice, enriched with Vitamin A, is a famous example of this technology.

Question 5

Which color of biotechnology is associated with medical and health-related applications?

Accepted Answer

Red. Red biotechnology focuses on the development of medicines, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. It includes advanced therapies like stem cell research and gene therapy. This classification system helps distinguish different sectors of the biotech industry.

Biotechnology — Set 1