Question 1

What is the primary purpose of a 'Firewall' in network security?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and filter incoming and outgoing traffic. A firewall acts as a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted one. It uses a set of defined security rules to allow or block data packets. Modern firewalls can be either hardware-based or software-based.

Question 2

In cyber security, what does the abbreviation 'VPN' stand for?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Private Network. A Virtual Private Network creates an encrypted tunnel for data to travel over the internet. It helps users maintain privacy and bypass geographical restrictions on content. It is widely used by remote workers to access corporate networks securely.

Question 3

Which type of malware is designed to encrypt a user's files and demand payment for the decryption key?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware. Ransomware targets critical data to extort money from individuals or organizations. Payments are often demanded in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin to ensure anonymity. Keeping regular offline backups is the most effective defense against this threat.

Question 4

What is the term for a deceptive attempt to obtain sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication?

Accepted Answer

Phishing. Phishing usually involves fraudulent emails or websites that mimic legitimate banks or services. Attackers aim to steal login credentials, credit card numbers, or personal identity details. Users should always check the sender's email address and avoid clicking suspicious links.

Question 5

Which of these refers to the process of converting information into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access?

Accepted Answer

Encryption. Encryption uses complex mathematical algorithms to transform readable data into ciphertext. Only those with the correct decryption key can revert the code back to its original form. It is a fundamental tool for securing online banking and private messaging.

Cyber Security — Set 1