Question 1

Which protocol is used for synchronized clock time over a network of computers?

Accepted Answer

NTP. NTP stands for Network Time Protocol and is one of the oldest internet protocols still in use. It can synchronize clocks to within a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Accurate time is critical for log filing and security authentication.

Question 2

Which protocol is commonly used to transfer log messages from various devices to a central server?

Accepted Answer

Syslog. Syslog is a standard for message logging that allows separation of the software that generates messages and the system that stores them. It is essential for network auditing and troubleshooting hardware issues. Most network equipment like firewalls and routers support Syslog.

Question 3

Which protocol is used to access and maintain distributed directory information services over an IP network?

Accepted Answer

LDAP. LDAP or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is often used for centralized authentication and user management. It allows applications to query a database of users and their permissions across an organization. It is the core protocol behind services like Microsoft Active Directory.

Question 4

Which protocol is used to provide security at the IP layer through authentication and encryption of IP packets?

Accepted Answer

IPsec. IPsec or Internet Protocol Security is a suite of protocols used to secure communication over IP networks. It is the primary technology used to create Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). It can protect all traffic between two hosts regardless of the application used.

Question 5

Which protocol is used for the transfer of web pages between a server and a browser but lacks built-in security?

Accepted Answer

HTTP. HTTP is the standard application-layer protocol for the web but transmits data in clear text. This makes it vulnerable to 'man-in-the-middle' attacks where data can be intercepted. Most modern websites have migrated to the secure version, HTTPS.

Question 6

Which routing protocol uses a 'Distance Vector' algorithm and a 'Hop Count' as a metric?

Accepted Answer

RIP. RIP or Routing Information Protocol limits the maximum number of hops to 15 to prevent routing loops. It is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols still in limited use. Larger networks usually prefer OSPF or BGP for better efficiency.

Question 7

Which protocol is used to communicate between a web server and a database to create dynamic content?

Accepted Answer

CGI. CGI or Common Gateway Interface defines a way for a web server to interact with external programs. It allows servers to generate dynamic web pages based on user input or database queries. While older, it laid the groundwork for modern web application technologies.

Question 8

Which protocol is used for the streaming of audio and video over the internet in real-time?

Accepted Answer

RTP. RTP stands for Real-time Transport Protocol and is used for end-to-end delivery of delay-sensitive data. It typically works in conjunction with RTCP to monitor transmission statistics. Most VoIP and video conferencing software rely on this protocol.

Question 9

Which protocol is responsible for establishing and maintaining a link between two nodes in a point-to-point network?

Accepted Answer

PPP. PPP or Point-to-Point Protocol provides a standard way to transport multi-protocol datagrams over serial links. It includes authentication, encryption, and compression features. It was the standard protocol used for dial-up internet connections.

Question 10

Which protocol is used to resolve a computer name to an IP address in a Microsoft Windows environment?

Accepted Answer

WINS. WINS or Windows Internet Name Service was the legacy name resolution system for NetBIOS names. While mostly replaced by DNS, it is still found in older legacy Windows network environments. It helps devices find each other using their simple Windows 'Computer Name'.

Protocols — Set 3