Biosphere Reserves of India — Set 13
Forest & Wildlife · भारत के जैव मंडल आरक्षित क्षेत्र · Questions 121–130 of 140
Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve was established in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 2001
The Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve was established in 2001 in the southern Western Ghats, spanning Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It contains the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Agasthyamalai is recognized by UNESCO and is one of the most species-rich areas in the entire Western Ghats.
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve was established in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 1989
The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve was established in 1989. It was one of four Biosphere Reserves established in India in 1989 (along with Gulf of Mannar, Sundarban, and Manas). Great Nicobar is a UNESCO recognized Biosphere Reserve and harbours many endemic island species.
The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve was established in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2009
The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in Himachal Pradesh was established in 2009. It covers the Lahaul-Spiti region and Pin Valley. The reserve is characterized by a trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem with extreme cold temperatures, sparse rainfall, and unique biodiversity adapted to these harsh conditions.
The MAB Programme's idea of Biosphere Reserves as models for sustainable development was formalized in which document?
Correct Answer: C. Seville Strategy (1995)
The Seville Strategy for Biosphere Reserves (1995) and the accompanying Statutory Framework formalized the concept of Biosphere Reserves as models for integrating conservation and sustainable development. The Seville Strategy outlined how Biosphere Reserves should function in the 21st century. It established the three-function model (conservation, development, logistic support) as the international standard.
Panna Biosphere Reserve is associated with which river?
Correct Answer: C. Ken River
The Panna Biosphere Reserve in Madhya Pradesh is associated with the Ken River, which flows through the reserve creating scenic gorges in the Vindhyan sandstone. The Ken-Betwa river interlinking project has raised conservation concerns as it would partly inundate the Panna Tiger Reserve. The reserve is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve recognized in 2020.
Which of the following Biosphere Reserves is NOT in the Western Ghats region?
Correct Answer: D. Simlipal BR
Simlipal Biosphere Reserve is not in the Western Ghats — it is in Odisha in eastern India, within the Eastern Ghats and Deccan Plateau region. The Western Ghats Biosphere Reserves include Nilgiri and Agasthyamalai. Gulf of Mannar is adjacent to the coast near the southern Western Ghats.
The concept of the Biosphere Reserve was first proposed at which international conference?
Correct Answer: B. UNESCO's International Conference on the Biosphere (1968)
The concept of the Biosphere Reserve was first proposed at UNESCO's International Conference on the Biosphere held in Paris in 1968. This conference led to the establishment of the Man and Biosphere Programme in 1971. The MAB Programme then developed the framework for designating and managing Biosphere Reserves globally.
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve was added to UNESCO's World Network in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2004
The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in Meghalaya was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2009. It was nationally established in 1988. Nokrek is known as the gene sanctuary of wild citrus and is part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
Which Biosphere Reserve connects conservation across India and Bhutan as a transboundary reserve?
Correct Answer: C. Manas BR
The Manas Biosphere Reserve (India) connects with the Royal Manas National Park (Bhutan) to form an important transboundary conservation area. Together they protect one of the largest intact forest landscapes in the Eastern Himalayas. This India-Bhutan transboundary linkage is vital for the long-term survival of large mammals like tigers and elephants.
In which year was the Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve established?
Correct Answer: C. 1999
The Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Madhya Pradesh was established in 1999. It is known as the 'Queen of Satpura' and includes Satpura National Park. Panchmarhi is a UNESCO recognized Biosphere Reserve and is also a popular hill station in Madhya Pradesh.