Freedom Struggle & Gandhi — Set 10

Correct Answer: A. Ambalal Sarabhai

Ambalal Sarabhai, owner of Ahmedabad cotton mills, was a significant financial supporter of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. Despite being a mill owner he supported Gandhi during the 1918 Ahmedabad Mill Strike. The Sarabhai family became synonymous with Ahmedabad's progressive industrial and cultural heritage. His daughter Mridula Sarabhai was a prominent freedom fighter.

Correct Answer: C. Iron Woman of Gujarat

Mridula Sarabhai, daughter of Ambalal Sarabhai, was a prominent freedom fighter known as the 'Iron Woman of Gujarat'. She participated actively in the Quit India Movement. She organized underground networks to help leaders evade arrest. After independence she worked for Hindu-Muslim unity during partition riots.

Correct Answer: B. 1885

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, in Bombay. Gujarat's leaders were among the early participants of the Congress. Dadabhai Naoroji, born in Navsari Gujarat, was one of the most prominent early Congress leaders. He was the first Indian elected to the British Parliament.

Correct Answer: C. Navsari

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man of India, was born in Navsari, Gujarat in 1825. He was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament in 1892. He propounded the 'Drain of Wealth' theory explaining how British rule impoverished India. He was one of the three founding presidents of the Indian National Congress.

Correct Answer: B. Dadabhai Naoroji

Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the 'Drain of Wealth' theory in his book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' published in 1901. He argued that British rule drained India's resources through trade policies and administrative salaries. This theory became the economic foundation of the anti-colonial movement. Naoroji calculated the drain as equivalent to millions of pounds annually.

Correct Answer: B. Bombay of Parsi origin from Gujarat

Pherozeshah Mehta was a prominent Indian lawyer and politician of Parsi origin with roots tracing to Gujarat. He was one of the three founding members of the Indian National Congress along with A.O. Hume and Dadabhai Naoroji. He was also the first mayor of Bombay. He championed democratic rights and municipal governance.

Correct Answer: A. INC split between Moderates and Extremists

The Surat Session of Indian National Congress in 1907 saw the historic split between Moderates led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The split occurred over the issue of repeating the Calcutta resolution on Swaraj, Swadeshi, and Boycott. The session ended in chaos and disorder. This split weakened the Congress for several years.

Correct Answer: C. 1907

The famous split in the Indian National Congress occurred at the Surat session in December 1907. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the Extremists clashed with Gopal Krishna Gokhale and the Moderates. The Moderates gained control of the organization. Tilak was later expelled from Congress and the Extremists operated independently for a while.

Correct Answer: C. Vitthalbhai Patel

Vitthalbhai Patel, elder brother of Sardar Patel, was a prominent leader associated with the Swaraj Party in Gujarat. He later became the President of the Central Legislative Assembly. He was an eloquent speaker and skilled parliamentarian. He worked alongside C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru within the Swaraj Party framework.

Correct Answer: C. Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad was called the 'Manchester of India' due to its thriving textile mill industry during the colonial period. The city had dozens of cotton textile mills employing tens of thousands of workers. The mill industry was central to the 1918 strike that Gandhi supported. Ahmedabad's industrial labor movement was one of the earliest organized labor movements in India.