Major Treaties & Agreements — Set 3
International Relations · प्रमुख संधियां और समझौते · Questions 21–30 of 120
India is a party to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and has:
Correct Answer: C. Destroyed its declared chemical weapons stockpile
India declared its chemical weapons stockpile to the OPCW and subsequently destroyed it under international verification. This destruction was completed well ahead of the deadlines set by the CWC. India's compliance with the CWC has been recognized as a model by the OPCW and the international community.
The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning:
Correct Answer: C. An entire category of weapons of mass destruction
The Biological Weapons Convention, which entered into force in 1975, was the first multilateral disarmament treaty to ban an entire category of weapons of mass destruction. It prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, and transfer of biological weapons. India is a party to the BWC and supports the call for a comprehensive verification mechanism for the convention.
The Ottawa Treaty (Mine Ban Treaty) prohibits the use, stockpiling, and transfer of:
Correct Answer: C. Anti-personnel landmines
The Ottawa Treaty, formally known as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, bans anti-personnel landmines. It was opened for signature in 1997 and entered into force in 1999. Over 160 countries have joined the treaty, but notable non-signatories include India, the United States, Russia, and China.
India's position on the Ottawa Treaty (Anti-Personnel Landmines Treaty) is:
Correct Answer: C. India is NOT a party to the treaty
India has not signed or ratified the Ottawa Treaty and is not a party to it. India maintains that anti-personnel landmines are a legitimate defensive tool necessary for guarding its long land borders, particularly with Pakistan and China. India has argued that the treaty does not address the security concerns of countries with large land borders facing external threats.
The Rome Statute established which international body?
Correct Answer: B. International Criminal Court
The Rome Statute, adopted in 1998 and entering into force in 2002, established the International Criminal Court (ICC) at The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC is a permanent international court that prosecutes individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It complements rather than replaces national criminal justice systems.
India's position on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is:
Correct Answer: C. India is NOT a party to the Rome Statute
India is not a party to the Rome Statute and has not joined the International Criminal Court. India raised concerns about the ICC's potential interference in matters that should remain under national jurisdiction and was critical of certain provisions regarding referrals by the UN Security Council. India voted against the adoption of the Rome Statute in 1998.
The Kyoto Protocol was the first international treaty to set legally binding targets for:
Correct Answer: B. Greenhouse gas emissions reduction
The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and entering into force in 2005, was the first international treaty to set legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for industrialized countries. It established the distinction between Annex-I countries (industrialized nations with binding targets) and non-Annex-I countries (developing nations including India with no binding targets). India ratified the Kyoto Protocol and was classified as a non-Annex-I party.
Under the Kyoto Protocol, India was classified as a:
Correct Answer: B. Non-Annex-I country with no binding targets
India was classified as a non-Annex-I country under the Kyoto Protocol, meaning it had no legally binding emission reduction targets. This classification was based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' recognizing that developed nations were historically responsible for most cumulative emissions. India and other developing nations were exempt from binding targets under the first and second commitment periods of Kyoto.
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was opened for signature in which year?
Correct Answer: B. 1968
The NPT was opened for signature on July 1, 1968, and entered into force on March 5, 1970. It aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote disarmament, and facilitate peaceful use of nuclear energy. The NPT recognizes five nuclear weapon states: USA, Russia, UK, France, and China.
India's position on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is:
Correct Answer: C. India is NOT a party to the NPT
India has never signed or ratified the NPT and is not a party to the treaty. India considers the NPT to be discriminatory as it recognizes only five nuclear weapon states (all of which tested before 1967) and denies legitimacy to India's nuclear weapons developed after that date. India conducted nuclear tests in 1974 (Pokhran-I) and 1998 (Pokhran-II) and maintains a No First Use policy.