Major Treaties & Agreements — Set 5
International Relations · प्रमुख संधियां और समझौते · Questions 41–50 of 120
The India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2022
The India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed on February 18, 2022, and entered into force on May 1, 2022. It was India's first CEPA in over a decade and aimed to increase bilateral trade from about $60 billion to $100 billion within five years. The agreement covers goods, services, investments, government procurement, and intellectual property.
The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) was signed in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2022
The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) was signed on April 2, 2022, and entered into force on December 29, 2022. It was the first free trade agreement between India and a developed country in over a decade. The agreement eliminates tariffs on 96% of Australian exports to India by value and provides improved market access for Indian goods and services in Australia.
The Simla Agreement was signed by which two leaders?
Correct Answer: B. Indira Gandhi and Bhutto
The Simla Agreement was signed by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on July 2, 1972. The negotiations were complex, with Indira Gandhi securing important diplomatic concessions including the bilateralism principle. The agreement also covered the return of prisoners of war captured during the 1971 war.
The contiguous zone under UNCLOS extends up to how many nautical miles from the baseline?
Correct Answer: B. 24 nautical miles
The contiguous zone extends up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline under UNCLOS, i.e., 12 nautical miles beyond the outer edge of the territorial sea. In this zone, the coastal state can exercise control to prevent and punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations. It is distinct from the territorial sea where full sovereignty is exercised.
Which organization administers the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)?
Correct Answer: C. OPCW
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands, administers the Chemical Weapons Convention. The OPCW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013 for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons. It conducts routine and challenge inspections of member states' chemical facilities to verify compliance.
Under the Indus Waters Treaty, a Permanent Indus Commission with commissioners from both countries meets at least:
Correct Answer: C. Once a year
The Indus Waters Treaty established the Permanent Indus Commission (PIC), comprising one commissioner from each country, which is required to meet at least once a year alternately in India and Pakistan. The PIC examines and resolves questions relating to the implementation of the treaty. It has served as an important mechanism for managing water disputes even during periods of high political tension.
The Paris Agreement replaced which earlier climate framework as the primary global climate action mechanism?
Correct Answer: B. Kyoto Protocol
The Paris Agreement replaced the Kyoto Protocol as the primary mechanism for global climate action from 2020 onward. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol which had binding targets only for developed countries, the Paris Agreement involves all nations submitting their own Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The shift from top-down binding targets to bottom-up nationally determined pledges was a key architectural change.
The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) governs which specific area of diplomatic activity?
Correct Answer: B. Consular officers and consulates
While the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) governs diplomatic missions and their personnel, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) specifically governs consular officers, consulates, and consular functions. Consulates provide services to nationals of the sending state (passports, visas, notarial services) and promote commercial interests. Both conventions are foundational to modern international relations.
The NPT recognizes how many countries as Nuclear Weapon States?
Correct Answer: C. 5
The NPT recognizes five countries as Nuclear Weapon States (NWS): USA, Russia (formerly USSR), UK, France, and China. These are the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, all of which had tested nuclear weapons before January 1, 1967. All other states that join the NPT do so as Non-Nuclear Weapon States (NNWS) and commit not to develop nuclear weapons.
India-Pakistan relations after the Simla Agreement require that all disputes be resolved through which mechanism?
Correct Answer: C. Bilateral negotiations
The Simla Agreement commits India and Pakistan to resolving all disputes, including the Jammu and Kashmir issue, through bilateral negotiations and peaceful means. India consistently invokes this provision to resist Pakistan's efforts to internationalize the Kashmir dispute through the UN or other multilateral forums. The bilateral framework has been the cornerstone of India's Pakistan policy since 1972.